![]() If the program specifies an absolute path, such as /usr/bin/python3, the CWD does not enter into the calculation of the location. my_file, the path is calculated relative to the current working directory, in this case specifying the directory above the CWD. ![]() If the program specifies a relative path, such as. When a program reads or writes a file without specifying a directory in the path, it looks for the file in the current working directory. The current working directory (CWD) associates a specific directory with a program and makes that directory the default location for all file operations. Paths are strings that describe the locations of directories and files in the context of the operating system’s file system. ![]() In Windows systems, the file type determines whether a file is executable.įolders might seem like they are synonymous with directories, but they are usually considered the graphical representation of directories rather than the directories themselves. In Unix-like systems, files can have special bits in their permissions that mark them as executable. In Unix-like systems, directories are treated as a special kind of file.įiles contain data and/or code. In most operating systems, a directory is a container for files, and possibly for other directories, called subdirectories. ![]() There may also be fixed directories and files that are special to the program, such as the configuration files for editors and IDEs. By convention, and with support from the operating system, programs maintain a current working directory used as the context for many of their files. Programs often need to look for, read, and write specific files in a special location. ![]()
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